Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and measurement error were also analyzed. Structural validity was assessed by a Two-Factors Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). SPADI scores were correlated with other outcome measures (i.e., Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire – DASH Numerical Pain Rating Scale-NPRS and 36-item Short Form Health Survey-SF-36) to examine construct validity. A sub-group of 29 patients were retested after 7 days. The SPADI was administered to 124 patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder. The aim of this study is to explore the reliability and validity of SPADI in a sample of patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder. The Shoulder and Pain Disability Index (SPADI) is a widely used outcome measure.
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